The Differences Between Melasma and Typical Hyperpigmentation — and How to Treat Them

Summertime can mean warmer weather, trips to the beach and pool, and vacations.

However, many individuals must be cautious of sun exposure, as it can cause and exacerbate skin discoloration and darkening.

While most patients recognize the term hyperpigmentation to refer to skin darkening and discoloration, fewer are aware of a variation of this condition known as melasma.

Fortunately, a board-certified dermatologist can evaluate a patient to distinguish between the two and recommend treatment options.

What Is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation refers to general discoloration or darkening of the skin and can be the result of acne breakouts, excessive sun exposure and photo damage, or a medical condition such as eczema or psoriasis.

It occurs when any of the above-mentioned factors stimulate an excess production of melanocytes-the cells responsible for pigment.

This increased pigment can be found in different layers of the  skin, the depth of which, determines how well the discoloration may respond to treatment.

What Is Melasma?

Melasma presents as dark patches of skin on the cheeks, nose, forehead, chin, and upper-lip.

In addition to excessive sun exposure, hormones play a significant role in its development.

Many female patients experience this form of hyperpigmentation from pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and other hormone treatments, and heat and visible light can cause melasma to spread.

Treatments for Hyperpigmentation

Most hyperpigmentation usually responds well to over-the-counter or prescription products including vitamin C serums, azelaic acid, niacinamide, and hydroquinone.

Patients with deeper hyperpigmentation may require a series of chemical peels or laser treatments.

Treatments for Melasma

Melasma is often more difficult to treat than general hyperpigmentation and results can vary from patient to patient.

In addition to the over the counter and prescription products used to treat hyperpigmentation, dermatologists recommend a laser treatment, such as Clear + Brilliant, to target melasma.

Patients typically require a series of three monthly sessions, with maintenance treatments every six months.

Limiting Sun Exposure and Wearing Sunscreen Are Essential

For patients with hyperpigmentation or melasma, limiting sun exposure and wearing sunscreen and protective clothing are key to preventing new or worsening discoloration.

Adhering to these recommendations will also help maintain the results of any hyperpigmentation or melasma treatment.

For additional information on treatments for hyperpigmentation and melasma, please call Cultura Dermatology & Laser Center today to schedule an appointment.